The injected carbon dioxide tends to rise towards the top of the formationA body of rock of considerable extent with distinctive characteristics that allow geologists to map, describe, and name it due to buoyancyTendency of a fluid or solid to rise through a fluid of higher density forces, where it will be trapped by an almost impermeable caprockRock of very low permeability that acts as an upper seal to prevent fluid flow out of a reservoir, such as shaleClay that has changed into a rock due to geological processes. This is referred to as 'structural trapping(CO2Carbon dioxide) ContainmentRestriction of the movement of a fluid to a designated volume (e.g. reservoir) or immobilisation of CO2Carbon dioxide, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphicThe order and relative position of geological strata trapping; residual CO2Carbon dioxide trapping (capillary trappingImmobilisation of a fraction of in-situ fluids by capillary forces) by capillary forces; solubility trappingA process in which fluids are retained by dissolution in liquids naturally present by dissolution of CO2Carbon dioxide in resident formationA body of rock of considerable extent with distinctive characteristics that allow geologists to map, describe, and name it fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2Carbon dioxide is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage(CO2Carbon dioxide) A process for retaining captured CO2Carbon dioxide, so that it does not reach the atmosphereThe layer of gases surrounding the earth; the gases are mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (around 21%) volume'. A sealing cap rock is required to allow accumulation of CO2Carbon dioxide in a geological trap(geology) A geological structure(geology) Geological feature produced by the deformation of the Earth’s crust, such as a fold or a fault(geology) A surface at which strata are no longer continuous, but are found displaced; a feature within a rock such as a fractureAny break in rock along which no significant movement has occurred; or, more generally, the spatial arrangement of rocks that physically retains fluids that are lighter than the background fluids, e.g. a convex fold over a long time period. If the caprockRock of very low permeability that acts as an upper seal to prevent fluid flow out of a reservoir contains fractures and/or faults, which may be connected to another permeable layer, it cannot act as a sealing boundary. Besides, it should be at a desired depth (> 800 m) to keep the CO2Carbon dioxide in supercritical(CO2Carbon dioxide) Conditions where carbon dioxide has some characteristics of a gas and some of a liquid state. The modelling of the amount and shape of the plume accumulated under a cap-rock depends heavily on the earth model.