2.3 Conclusions

When the injection period starts, the storage site is allowed to inject CO2 within certain site-specific license conditions. The operation phase is considered vulnerable with respect to risks, as it may be the first time that CO2 is injected to the selected formation and some unexpected events may happen. Risks can be classified to health, safety and technical risks in local environmental, general operational risks related to injection, operational risks related to the CO2 stream composition and risks related to CO2 stream pressure and temperature.

Considering legislation, operators are obliged mainly to monitor, report and allow inspections during the injection. There are some specific CCS dedicated legislations in act and also a number of international agreements and legislations, which are not directly related to CCS, but are relevant and should be used to guide the operations on- and offshore. These non-specific legislations may pose some problems for CCS activities, some pertinent questions have not been answered to this date and it is uncertain how these may affect possible CO2 storage site projects. However, most of such legislations are being revised. At national level, most of the EU countries have transposed the EU CCS directive to national legislation; while the U.S, Canada and Australia have their own legislations on CCS and CO2 geological storage.