Modelling of long-term integrity aims to assess the ultimate fate of the injected CO2Carbon dioxide and its impacts on physical properties. Four processes are distinguished: structural trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume, residual CO2Carbon dioxide trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume, dissolution trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume and mineral trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume, described in the previous chapter.
Structural trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume represents the supercritical(CO2) Conditions where carbon dioxide has some characteristics of a gas and some of a liquid CO2Carbon dioxide that is trapped within the pore spaceSpace between rock or sediment grains that can contain fluids as a buoyant immiscible fluid phase, according to the heterogeneity of the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere zone lithologyThe nature and composition of rocks. Residual CO2Carbon dioxide trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume represents the supercritical(CO2) Conditions where carbon dioxide has some characteristics of a gas and some of a liquid CO2Carbon dioxide that is permanently trapped within small pores and cannot be remobilised. Dissolution trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume represents the CO2Carbon dioxide dissolved in the liquid phase (oil or fluid). The final mechanism, mineral trapping(CO2) Containment or immobilisation of CO2, there are four main trapping mechanisms: structural or stratigraphic trapping; residual CO2 trapping (capillary trapping) by capillary forces; solubility trapping by dissolution of CO2 in resident formation fluids forming a non-buoyant fluid; and mineral trapping where CO2 is absorbed by solid minerals present in the storage volume, represents the CO2Carbon dioxide that is incorporated into new secondary minerals due to chemical precipitation (Gaus et al., 20082008 - I. Gaus, P. Audigane, L. André, J. Lions, N. Jacquemet, P. Durst, I. Czernichowski-Lauriol and M. AzaroualGeochemical and solute transport modelling for CO2 storage, what to expect from it?see more).
Long-term integrity modelling aims to predict the ultimate fate of the injected CO2Carbon dioxide, accountingActivities aiming to document and report avoided CO2 emissions for a project for the geometry of the reservoirA subsurface body of rock with sufficient porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids in a simplified way. Studies can thus be based on one-dimensional (Knauss et al., 20052005 - K. Knauss, J. W. Johnson and C. I. SteefelEvaluation of the impact of CO2, co-contaminant gas, aqueous fluid and reservoir-rock interactions on the geologic sequestration of CO2see more; Xu et al., 20052005 - T. Xu, J. Apps and K. PruessMineral sequestration of a sandstone-shale systemsee more), two-dimensional (Audigane et al., 2007; Johnson et al., 20012001 - J. W. Johnson, J. J. Nitao, C. Steefel and K. G. KnausReactive transport modelling of geological CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers; The influence of intra-aquifer shales and the relative effectiveness of structural, solubility, and mineral trapping during prograde and retrograde sequestrationsee more; White et al., 20052005 - S. P. White, J. Allis, R. G. Moore, T. Chidsey, C. Morgan, W. Gwynn and M. AdamsSimulation of reactive transport of injected CO2 on the Colorado Plateau, Utah, USAsee more) or three-dimensional (Nghiem et al., 20042004 - L. Nghiem, P. Sammon, J. Grabenstetter and H. OhkumaModelling CO2 storage in aquifers with a fully-coupled geochemical EOS compositional simulatorsee more; Le Gallo et al., 20062006 - Y. Le Gallo, L. Trenty, A. Michel, S. Vidal-Gilbert, T. Parra and L. JeanninLong-term flow simulations of CO2 storage in saline aquifersee more) transport. As long as geometries remain simple, it is possible to identify dominant geochemical interactions from the calculated species concentrations and the amounts of minerals dissolving and precipitating. This is also true for two-dimensional models involving a slightly more complex geology (Johnson et al., 20012001 - J. W. Johnson, J. J. Nitao, C. Steefel and K. G. KnausReactive transport modelling of geological CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers; The influence of intra-aquifer shales and the relative effectiveness of structural, solubility, and mineral trapping during prograde and retrograde sequestrationsee more; Johnson et al., 2004; Audigane et al., 2007). Gaus et al., 20082008 - I. Gaus, P. Audigane, L. André, J. Lions, N. Jacquemet, P. Durst, I. Czernichowski-Lauriol and M. AzaroualGeochemical and solute transport modelling for CO2 storage, what to expect from it?see more noted, that when the complexity of the model grid and the number of layers increase, identification of dominant geochemical reactions becomes increasingly difficult.