Currently there are no general guidelines or regulations for CO2Carbon dioxide levels in the environment. The only guidelines are the occupational ones, presented in Tab. 3-2.
| Tab. 3-2: Occupational guidelines for CO2Carbon dioxide (from the Guidelines for volcanic gases and aerosols, IVHHN, 2013). | Country/ Institution | Level % | Level mg m-3 | Averaging Period | Guideline Type | Date of Implementation | Relevant Law | Notes | Ref. | | EUEuropean Union | 0.5 | 9,000 | 8 hour TWA | OEL | | Commission Directive 91/322 | | EUEuropean Union, 2013 | | UK | 1.5 | 274,000 | 15 min | MEL | | ILV | | HSEHealth, safety and environment, 2002 | | 0.5 | 9,150 | 8 hour TWA | MEL | | ILV | | HSEHealth, safety and environment, 2002 | | USA | 3 | 540,000 | 15 min | STEL | 2003 | NIOSH | | NIOSH, 2013 | | >0.5 | 9,000 | 8 hour TWA | PEL | | OSHA Regulations (Standards - 29 CFR) | 1 | OSHA, 2013 | | 0.5 | 9,000 | 10 hour TWA | REL | 2003 | NIOSH | | NIOSH, 2013 | |
The effects of CO2Carbon dioxide exposure on animals are similar with those associated with humans.
Another ill effect of potential CO2Carbon dioxide leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column into the atmosphereThe layer of gases surrounding the earth; the gases are mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (around 21%) from storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere sites is linked to the failure to reduce CO2Carbon dioxide emissions and the climate change effects that CO2Carbon dioxide captureThe separation of carbon dioxide from other gases before it is emitted to the atmosphere and storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere is designed to reduce. Leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column of CO2Carbon dioxide into the atmosphereThe layer of gases surrounding the earth; the gases are mainly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (around 21%) could mean that emission targets may not be reached and additionally, the emitted CO2Carbon dioxide would have to be accounted for (by compensation) through the EUEuropean Union ETSEmissions Trading System, defined in the EU ETS Directive 2003/87/EC amended by Directive 2009/29/EC.