6.4.6 Storage project in Kalundborg, Denmark

In order to address properly the Risks related to underground storage of CO2 in the Kalundborg case study the Quintessa database (www.quintessa.org/consultancy/index.html?CO2GeoStorage.html) of features, events and processes (FEPs) was used (Chadwick et al., 2008), with the chosen FEPs being included for their relevance to the long-term safety and performance of the storage system after injection of CO2 has been completed and the injection boreholes have been sealed. Some FEPs associated with the injection phase are nevertheless considered where these can affect long-term performance. In the Kalundborg case study, the most important FEPs resulting from the auditing are as follows: (i) geological features, (ii) overpressuring - reservoir characteristics, (iii) effects of pressurisation of reservoir on caprock, (iv) undetected features, faults at top of reservoir long-term fate of CO2, (v) reversibility - fingering leading to CO2 escaping the trap, (vi) impact on society and humans, (vii) public opposition to the storage project, and (viii) impacts on humans - health effects of CO2. In addition to the risk performed through the Quintessa database a number of other project risks has been considered. The project in Kalundborg is just a risk identification case study.