The London ConventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972 and Protocol is administered by The International Maritime Organisation, which has 170 member states and three associated members. The full name of the convention is "Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter" (IMO, 1972). The London protocolProtocol to the London Convention, adopted in London on 2 November 1996 but which had not entered into force at the time of writing is part of the modernisation process of the convention. It was adopted in 1972 and entered into force in 2006, and will eventually replace the convention. As of January 2013, according to the IMO website (accessed 2013-01-28), the London ProtocolProtocol to the London Convention, adopted in London on 2 November 1996 but which had not entered into force at the time of writing had 42 contracting states and the London conventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972 had 87 contracting states all over the globe. From 2007 onwards, CO2Carbon dioxide streams appeared on the list of substances that are allowed to be dumped in the maritime area if a) they are disposed into a sub-seabedBoundary between the free water and the top of the seabottom sediment geological formationA lithostratigraphic subdivision within a sedimentary succession within which distinct rock layers can be found and mapped, b) the CO2 streamA flow of substances resulting from CO2 capture processes, or which consists of a sufficient fraction of CO2 and sufficiently low concentrations of other substances to meet specifications of streams permitted for long term geological storage consists overwhelmingly of CO2Carbon dioxide, and c) no wastes are added for the purpose of disposing those wastes. Due to its broad international coverage, currently the London ConventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972 is one of the best available regulatory instruments regarding CO2Carbon dioxide storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere.
The Protocol itself does not directly cover issues concerning leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column of CO2Carbon dioxide from an off-shore site where geological storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere site of CO2Carbon dioxide has been undertaken. The London ConventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972 and Protocol, including amendments for permitting the CO2Carbon dioxide storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere in the sub-sea beds, solely regulates between parties their responsibilities/liabilities of an eventual pollution (polluter must pay) and the obligations of issuing special permits for dumping permitted substances and materials into the sea or sub-seabedBoundary between the free water and the top of the seabottom sediment, to "keep records of the nature and quantities of all matter permitted to be dumped and the location, time and method of dumping" (Article VI.c. from the London ConventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972, 1972) and "to monitor individually, or in collaboration with other Parties and competent international organizations, the condition of the seas" (Article VI.d. from the London ConventionInternational convention on the prevention of marine pollution by dumping of wastes and other matter, which was adopted at London, Mexico City, Moscow and Washington on 29 December 1972, 1972) for the enforcement of the Convention.