In the EU CCS DirectiveDirective 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, the risk assessmentA process intended to calculate or estimate the risk to a given target, part of a risk management system processes is a part of the site characterisation and assessment of the potential storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere complex described in article 4(3). Hence, it is a mandatory task in the planning process for a geological storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere site of CO2Carbon dioxide and the risk assessmentA process intended to calculate or estimate the risk to a given target, part of a risk management system must be a part of the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere permit. Following the EU CCS DirectiveDirective 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, the risk assessmentA process intended to calculate or estimate the risk to a given target, part of a risk management system include:
- Hazard characterisation,
- Exposure assessment,
- Effects assessment,
- RiskConcept that denotes the product of the probability of a hazard and the subsequent consequence of the associated event characterisation.
The aim of the hazard characterisation is to test the security of the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere complex. Therefore, the entire range of operating conditions must be covered. Issues to consider are potential leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column pathways, potential magnitude of different leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column events, critical parameters that affect potential leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column, secondary effects of CO2Carbon dioxide storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere and any factors that could pose a hazard to human health or the environment. Examples of critical parameters are maximum reservoirA subsurface body of rock with sufficient porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids pressure, maximum injectionThe process of using pressure to force fluids down wells rate and temperature. Amongst the secondary effects of CO2Carbon dioxide storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere are displacement of formationA body of rock of considerable extent with distinctive characteristics that allow geologists to map, describe, and name it fluids, new minerals and other substances created by storing CO2Carbon dioxide.
The exposure assessment concerns the environment and human activities on top of the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere complex. The assessment should also include how CO2Carbon dioxide reacts when it reaches the ground or seafloor.
The effect assessment comprises the effects of leaking CO2Carbon dioxide, including impurities from the injected CO2 streamA flow of substances resulting from CO2 capture processes, or which consists of a sufficient fraction of CO2 and sufficiently low concentrations of other substances to meet specifications of streams permitted for long term geological storage or substances that have formed in the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere reservoirA subsurface body of rock with sufficient porosity and permeability to store and transmit fluids, to the biosphere. It is based on how sensitive species, communities and habitats are to CO2Carbon dioxide and other potential substances coCarbon monoxide-injected with CO2Carbon dioxide or mobilised/formed as a result of CO2Carbon dioxide reactions with fluids or mineral matrix within the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere complex.
The riskConcept that denotes the product of the probability of a hazard and the subsequent consequence of the associated event characterisation is the assessment of the short- and long-term safety and integrity of the storage(CO2) A process for retaining captured CO2, so that it does not reach the atmosphere site and is based on the hazard, exposure and effects assessments. It assesses the risks of leakage(in CO2 storage) The escape of injected fluid from the storage formation to the atmosphere or water column and includes the worst-case scenarios of leaking CO2Carbon dioxide and the effects to the environment and to health. Sources of uncertainties are also included in the assessment and a description of the possibilities to reduce uncertainties should be included.